Syntax
Rules of XHTML MP
XHTML
MP is a subset of XHTML. The syntax rules of XHTML MP follow that of
XHTML.
As
mentioned before in this XHTML MP tutorial, XHTML is just a stricter
and cleaner form of HTML. If you have already learned HTML, you can
immediately start writing XHTML MP markup code by following the XHTML
MP syntax rules below.
Tags
must be closed properly
Tags
and attributes must be in lowercase
Value
of attributes must be enclosed within quotation marks
No
attribute minimization is allowed
Tags
must be nested properly
XHTML MP Syntax
Rule 1: Tags Must Be Closed Properly
All
tags in XHTML MP must be closed properly. For example, the following
code is not correct in XHTML MP since the </p> end tag is
missing. (In case you do not know, the <p></p> tags are
used to enclose a paragraph of text.)
<p>XHTML
MP tutorial paragraph 1
<p>XHTML MP tutorial paragraph
2
<p>XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 3
This
is correct in XHTML MP:
<p>XHTML
MP tutorial paragraph 1</p>
<p>XHTML MP tutorial
paragraph 2</p>
<p>XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 3</p>
Some
tags in XHTML MP do not come in pairs since there is no content to be
enclosed. One example is the <br> tag that is used for line
breaking. To close such tags, you put a "/" at the end of
the tag before ">". For example, the closed version of
<br> is <br/>.
The
following markup code is not correct in XHTML MP since the <br>
tag is not self-closed.
Line
break<br>
This
is correct in XHTML MP:
Line
break<br/>
Note
that to make the XHTML MP markup code compatible with some older web
browsers on the PC, you have to leave a space before />, like
this:
Line
break<br />
XHTML MP Syntax
Rule 2: Tags and Attributes Must Be in Lowercase
XHTML
MP markup code is case-sensitive. All tags and attributes in XHTML MP
must be in lowercase. The following markup code is not correct in
XHTML MP since tags (<P></P>) and attributes (ID) are in
uppercase.
<P
ID="p1">XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 1</P>
<P
ID="p2">XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 2</P>
<P
ID="p3">XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 3</P>
The
following markup code is correct in XHTML MP.
<p
id="p1">XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 1</p>
<p
id="p2">XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 2</p>
<p
id="p3">XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 3</p>
XHTML MP Syntax
Rule 3: Value of Attributes Must Be Enclosed within Quotation Marks
Value
of attributes must be enclosed within quotation marks in XHTML MP.
You can either use single quotes or double quotes. The following
markup code is incorrect in XHTML MP.
<p
id=p1>XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 1</p>
<p
id=p2>XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 2</p>
<p
id=p3>XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 3</p>
This
is correct in XHTML MP:
<p
id="p1">XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 1</p>
<p
id="p2">XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 2</p>
<p
id="p3">XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 3</p>
You
can also use single quotes to enclose attribute values.
<p
id='p1'>XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 1</p>
<p
id='p2'>XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 2</p>
<p
id='p3'>XHTML MP tutorial paragraph 3</p>
XHTML MP Syntax
Rule 4: No Attribute Minimization is Allowed
For
some attributes, there is only one possible value. In HTML, you can
leave out the attribute value in such cases. This is called attribute
minimization. For example, in the following markup code, we define a
check box that is initially in the checked state. As the checked
attribute can only take the "checked" value, you can omit
the "checked" value in HTML. The web browser knows that the
value of the checked attribute must be "checked".
<input
type="checkbox" checked />
However,
attribute minimization is not allowed in XHTML MP. The above markup
code is incorrect in XHTML MP. To correct it, you must write the
attribute-value pair in full, like this:
<input
type="checkbox" checked="checked" />
Below
is another example. The following markup code defines a selection
list with three options: "XHTML MP Tutorial Part 1", "XHTML
MP Tutorial Part 2" and "XHTML MP Tutorial Part 3".
The multiple attribute is used to enable multiple item
selection in the selection list, and the selected attribute is
used to select the "XHTML MP Tutorial Part 2" option
initially.
<select
multiple>
<option>XHTML MP Tutorial Part
1</option>
<option selected>XHTML MP Tutorial
Part 2</option>
<option>XHTML MP Tutorial Part
3</option>
</select>
The
above markup code is correct in HTML but not in XHTML MP. To correct
it, you need to write the attribute-value pair in full, like this:
<select
multiple="multiple">
<option>XHTML MP
Tutorial Part 1</option>
<option
selected="selected">XHTML MP Tutorial Part
2</option>
<option>XHTML MP Tutorial Part
3</option>
</select>
XHTML MP Syntax
Rule 5: Tags Must Be Nested Properly
Tags
must be nested properly in XHTML MP. Tag overlapping is not allowed.
The following markup code is wrong in XHTML MP since the tags
overlap. (<b></b> and <i></i> tags are used
to change the text style to bold and italic respectively.)
<p><b>XHTML
MP tutorial paragraph 1</p></b>
<i><p>XHTML
MP tutorial paragraph 2</i></p>
<p><b><i>XHTML
MP tutorial paragraph 3</p></i></b>
The
following code is correct in XHTML MP. The tags are nested properly.
<p><b>XHTML
MP tutorial paragraph 1</b></p>
<p><i>XHTML
MP tutorial paragraph 2</i></p>
<p><b><i>XHTML
MP tutorial paragraph 3</i></b></p>
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