3.7. <p>
Element
The
<p> element defines a paragraph of text. Besides text, things such as anchor links and
images can be included in the <p> element. WAP browsers always
render a paragraph on a new line.
The
<p> element supports two attributes: align
and mode. The
align attribute is used to change the horizontal alignment of
a paragraph. The values left, center and right
are supported. The following WML example illustrates how to align a
paragraph centrally using the align
attribute:
(paragraphEg1.wml)
<?xml
version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC
"-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.3//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd">
<wml> <card
id="card1" title="WML Tutorial"> <p
align="center">Hello world. Welcome to our WML
tutorial.</p> </card> </wml>
 Sony
Ericsson T610
|
 Sony
Ericsson T68i
|
 Nokia
Mobile Browser 4.0
|
The
mode attribute is used to set
the text-wrapping mode. Two values, wrap
and nowrap, are
supported. If wrap is
specified to the mode
attribute, text longer than the screen width will be broken apart and
displayed on multiple lines. If nowrap
is specified to the mode
attribute, the text of the paragraph will be displayed on a single
line and how a long line is displayed depends on the WAP browser
used. For example:
Nokia
Mobile Browser 4.0 It supports horizontal scrolling. You can see
the text off the screen by pressing the "Left" or "Right"
button.
Sony
Ericsson T610 and T68i mobile phone emulators A line of text
longer than the screen width is divided into smaller parts and they
are displayed on the screen alternately.
Openwave
Mobile Browser 6.2.2 A line of text longer than the screen width
is displayed using a marquee animation, i.e. the line of text
scrolls across the screen.
The
following WML example illustrates the effect of the "nowrap"
and "wrap" mode on some mobile phone browsers:
(paragraphEg2.wml)
<?xml
version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC
"-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.3//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd">
<wml> <card
id="card1" title="WML Tutorial"> <p
mode="nowrap">Hello world. Welcome to our WML
tutorial.</p> <p mode="wrap">You
can learn how to build your own WML site in this
tutorial.</p> </card> </wml>

 Sony
Ericsson T610
|


 Sony
Ericsson T68i
|

 Nokia
Mobile Browser 4.0
|
Note
that if a paragraph's mode
attribute is not specified and it is not the first paragraph of the
current card, the text-wrapping mode of the previous paragraph will
be applied to it. For example, if we change the markup of the
previous WML example to the lines below, both paragraphs in the card
will be displayed with the "nowrap" mode.
... <card
id="card1" title="WML Tutorial"> <p
mode="nowrap">Hello world. Welcome to our WML
tutorial.</p> <p>You can learn how to build your
own WML site in this tutorial.</p> </card> ...
XML
is a stricter markup language than HTML. As WML documents are XML
documents, the syntax rules of WML are stricter than HTML. For
example, tags and attributes in WML are case-sensitive and they must
be in lowercase, while those in HTML are case-insensitive. Thus, the
following markup code is invalid in WML but not in HTML:
<P>WML
tutorial paragraph 1</P> <p>WML tutorial paragraph
2</P> <p ALIGN="right">WML tutorial
paragraph 3</P>
This
is the correct version of the above markup code in WML:
<p>WML
tutorial paragraph 1</p> <p>WML tutorial paragraph
2</p> <p align="right">WML tutorial
paragraph 3</p>
Another
example is that you must close all tags in WML, while you can omit
some end tags in HTML. For example, the following markup code is
invalid in WML but not in HTML:
<p>WML
tutorial paragraph 1 <p>WML tutorial paragraph 2 <p>WML
tutorial paragraph 3
The
above markup code becomes valid in both HTML and WML if you close all
the <p> tags properly, like this:
<p>WML
tutorial paragraph 1</p> <p>WML tutorial paragraph
2</p> <p>WML tutorial paragraph 3</p>
Some
tags do not have any content to be enclosed, so they do not come in
pairs. One example is the <br> tag, which is used to tell a
browser to start a new line. To close such tags, put a "/"
before ">", like <br/>. You need to use <br/>
instead of <br> in WML.
Web
browsers are more tolerant towards invalid markup than WML browsers.
If a HTML page contains markup that does not conform to the
specification, a web browser will still try to understand the HTML
page and display it as best as it can. WML browsers will not do this.
If a WML document contains invalid markup, the WML browser will
output an error message directly.
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